Skip to content
Login
WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
SpeciesMapsDocumentsIDAO

Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla

Accepted
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
/df00b782-d5d0-471c-bd5e-ad36ea156694/10f2ac2c8dad474a94b209190ed58082.jpg
/df00b782-d5d0-471c-bd5e-ad36ea156694/cd46d19acf814deba07a6991f8baa6ba.jpg
/df00b782-d5d0-471c-bd5e-ad36ea156694/8bce6a0198d349ce9ff47a346c041792.jpg
/e3a7d7db-1179-4188-a34e-eec82e73e4b9/888.JPG
/e3a7d7db-1179-4188-a34e-eec82e73e4b9/540.JPG
/e3a7d7db-1179-4188-a34e-eec82e73e4b9/224.JPG
/e3a7d7db-1179-4188-a34e-eec82e73e4b9/116.JPG
/e3a7d7db-1179-4188-a34e-eec82e73e4b9/926.JPG
/e3a7d7db-1179-4188-a34e-eec82e73e4b9/920.JPG
/d431c3c0-c2c6-4bcc-b776-9bdfcb691c7d/296.jpg
/6abd6c99-6f99-452b-ad2b-d387149bf463/828.JPG
/d431c3c0-c2c6-4bcc-b776-9bdfcb691c7d/689.JPG
/d431c3c0-c2c6-4bcc-b776-9bdfcb691c7d/174.jpg
/d431c3c0-c2c6-4bcc-b776-9bdfcb691c7d/195.JPG
/d431c3c0-c2c6-4bcc-b776-9bdfcb691c7d/781.JPG
/d431c3c0-c2c6-4bcc-b776-9bdfcb691c7d/489.JPG
/694a963d-4c8e-4052-8e86-72ed5f622301/250.jpg
/694a963d-4c8e-4052-8e86-72ed5f622301/864.jpg
/d431c3c0-c2c6-4bcc-b776-9bdfcb691c7d/934.JPG
/6abd6c99-6f99-452b-ad2b-d387149bf463/778.JPG
/e3a7d7db-1179-4188-a34e-eec82e73e4b9/845.JPG
🗒 Synonyms
synonymReigera maritima (L.) Opiz
synonymSchoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye
synonymScirpus maritimus L.
synonymScirpus maritimus var. genuinus Godr., nom. inval.
🗒 Common Names
Malagasy
  • Lahinkerana
📚 Overview
Overview
Brief
Code

SCPMA

Growth form

Sedge

Biological cycle

Vivacious

Habitat

Marshland

Wiktrop
AttributionsWiktrop
Contributors
Lovena Nowbut
StatusUNDER_CREATION
LicensesCC_BY
References
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Global description

    Bolboschoenus maritimus is a vivacious plant with upright stems, tuberous base, which spread along a strong horizontal creeping rhizome. The stems are leafy, trigonal cross-section. The leaves are elongated, pointed at the ends. The inflorescence is usually a very reduced umbel of small yellow to brown oval spikelets underpinned by several leafy bracts with the largest largely exceed it. It can be reduced to a single group of spikelets or even a single spikelet. The fruit is a trigonal, brown to black achene.
     
    Growth habit

    Vigorous vivacious plant, with simple erect stems that spread throughout a long creeping rhizome.
     
    Underground system


    The underground system is a long creeping network of rhizome, which produces tubers from place to place. Each tuber is the starting point of new rhizomes, it is an organ of resistance for temporary drying of the medium.
     
    Stem

    The stem is triangular in section; it measures 30 cm to 1.80 m in height and 3 to 15 mm thick. It has 3-5 regularly spaced leaves.
     
    Leaf

    The leaves are simple, alternate, arranged in a tristichous way along the stem. The lamina is elongated, with pointed end. It measures 2 to 12 mm wide and does not or slightly exceeds or slightly the inflorescence. It is flat, scabrous on margins and the keel. Ligule may be absent or present as a small triangular blade.
     
    Inflorescence

    The terminal inflorescence is underpinned by 2-5 long leafy bracts that exceed it, the longest usually erect, the other oblique. This is an umbel of spikelets, usually simple, rarely compound, which consists of a set of sessile spikelets and a group of pedicellate spikelets. The inflorescence can be reduced to a single spikelet or a group of sessile spikelets.

    Spikelet

    The spikelet, ovoid to cylindrical in shape, with pointed tip, measures 8 to 40 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. It is yellowish brown to chestnut brown in colour. The finely marginal scale, bifid at the top, measures 1-3 mm long. It has a long main rib extended in a curved edge. The flower is made up of 3 stamens and an ovary with trifid style.
     
    Fruit

    The fruit is a biconvex to trigonal achene, 2.5 to 4 mm long, brown to black in color with 3 to 6 barbed bristles at the base.

    Wiktrop
    AttributionsWiktrop
    Contributors
    StatusUNDER_CREATION
    LicensesCC_BY
    References
      No Data
      📚 Natural History
      Life Cycle

      Life cycle

      Vivacious
      Vivacious
      Madagascar: Bolboschoenus maritimus is developing rapidly and soon rises to flower as from bolting of flood recession rice culture. This species can flower throughout the warm season, after the withdrawal of flooded waters.

      Wiktrop
      AttributionsWiktrop
      Contributors
      StatusUNDER_CREATION
      LicensesCC_BY
      References
        Cyclicity
        Bolboschoenus maritimus is a vivacious species that reproduces primarily by rhizomes that produce tubers, that give new plants but also by germination. Seeds and tubers are spread by water in times of flooding and by tillage tools.

        Wiktrop
        AttributionsWiktrop
        Contributors
        StatusUNDER_CREATION
        LicensesCC_BY
        References
          Morphology

          Growth form

          Tuft plant with narrow leaves
          Tuft plant with narrow leaves

          Leaf type

          Grass or grass-like
          Grass or grass-like

          Latex

          Without latex
          Without latex

          Stem section

          Triangular
          Triangular

          Root type

          Tubers network
          Tubers network

          Ligule type

          Ligule membranous large
          Ligule membranous large
          Without ligule
          Without ligule

          Stipule type

          No stipule
          No stipule

          Leaf attachment type

          Cyperaceae leaf
          Cyperaceae leaf

          Fruit type

          Grain of grasses
          Grain of grasses

          Achene type

          Achene biconvex
          Achene biconvex
          Achene trigonous
          Achene trigonous

          Lamina base

          sheathing the triangular stems
          sheathing the triangular stems

          Lamina apex

          attenuate
          attenuate

          Simple leaf type

          Lamina linear
          Lamina linear

          Inflorescence type

          Digitate racemes
          Digitate racemes
          Umbel
          Umbel

          Life form

          Sedge leaf
          Sedge leaf
          Ecology
          General ecology
           
          Bolboschoenus maritimus grows in marshland rice fields, coastal swamps and saline soil in areas.
           
          Madagascar: B. maritimus develops in more or less salty flooded alluvium. It grows in flooded rice fields or those with water problem, canals, drains and marshes in coastal areas, edges of water bodies, borders of sugar cane fields (deltas and flood plains of the West and Northwest of Madagascar). It prefers rich, more or less salty soils, in sunny places. It is a weed of seasonal rice crops or sugar cane plots in semi-intensive culture system in the plains of western and northwestern Madagascar.
           

          Wiktrop
          AttributionsWiktrop
          Contributors
          StatusUNDER_CREATION
          LicensesCC_BY
          References
            No Data
            📚 Habitat and Distribution
            General Habitat

            Habitat

            Marshland
            Marshland
            Aquatic
            Aquatic
            Worlwide distribution 

            Bolboschoenus maritimus is a cosmopolitan species widespread in the tropics, temperate and subtropical regions: North America, South and Central America, Africa, Eurasia, India, Pakistan, Southeast Asia, Australia.
             

            Wiktrop
            AttributionsWiktrop
            Contributors
            StatusUNDER_CREATION
            LicensesCC_BY
            References
              No Data
              📚 Occurrence
              No Data
              📚 Demography and Conservation
              Risk Statement
              Local harmfulness
               

              Benin: frequent and scarce.
              Madagascar: Bolboschoenus maritimus is a weed, relatively infrequent, but abundant when present. It reproduces quickly by rhizomes that give tubers. This species is able to grow rapidly and infests badly maintained rice fields, where the height of water is poorly managed and the intervention of rice farmers is limited. It is a locally abundant species, characteristic of flooded areas with more or less salty soils. It is locally very harmful for rice in the Northwest floodplains that suffer from lack of water in cultivation period.
              Mali: frequent and scarce.
              Senegal: frequent and generally abundant.
              Uganda: rare but abundant when present.
              Chad: rare but abundant when present.

              Wiktrop
              AttributionsWiktrop
              Contributors
              StatusUNDER_CREATION
              LicensesCC_BY
              References
                No Data
                📚 Uses and Management
                Management
                Global control

                For weed control tips for perennial Cyperaceae in irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit

                Local control

                Madagascar: Manual weeding, combined with good soil preparation and better management of water, is the most used method of control in seasonal irrigated rice and bordering sugarcane cultivation.
                 

                Wiktrop
                AttributionsWiktrop
                Contributors
                StatusUNDER_CREATION
                LicensesCC_BY
                References
                  No Data
                  📚 Information Listing
                  References
                  1. JOHNSON D.E., 1997 – Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l’Ouest ADRAO/WARDA 312 pages.
                  2. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
                  3. Pancho, J.V., Obien, S.R. 1995. Manual of Ricefield Weeds in the Philippines. Philippine Rice Research Institute, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
                  4. CHERMEZON H., 1937 –Flore de Madagascar (Plantes vasculaires) 29è Famille CYPERACEES MNHN Imprim. Offielle Tananarive p. 155.
                  5. MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI Los Banos Philippines; 442 p.
                  6. Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
                  7. Alain Audebert, Jean Claude Mouret, Sandrine Roques, Alain Carrara, Roy Hammond, Azaad Gaungoo, Suchada Sanusan and Pascal Marnotte. 2013. Colonization and infestation ability of Bolboschoenus maritimus Palla in rice paddies of the Camargue, France. Weed Biology and management, 13 (2), 70-78. Article first published online: 11 JUN 2013 | DOI: 10.1111/wbm.12012
                  8. Audebert A., Gaungoo A., Roques S., Carrara A., Mouret J.C., Marnotte P. 2007. Impact de la dynamique de colonisation de Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla sur le développement du peuplement de riz en Camargue (France). In : 20ème Conférence du COLUMA, Journées internationales sur la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, 11-12 décembre 2007 Dijon, France. [Cd-Rom]. Paris : AFPP, p. 26-36.
                  Information Listing > References
                  1. JOHNSON D.E., 1997 – Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l’Ouest ADRAO/WARDA 312 pages.
                  2. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
                  3. Pancho, J.V., Obien, S.R. 1995. Manual of Ricefield Weeds in the Philippines. Philippine Rice Research Institute, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
                  4. CHERMEZON H., 1937 –Flore de Madagascar (Plantes vasculaires) 29è Famille CYPERACEES MNHN Imprim. Offielle Tananarive p. 155.
                  5. MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI Los Banos Philippines; 442 p.
                  6. Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
                  7. Alain Audebert, Jean Claude Mouret, Sandrine Roques, Alain Carrara, Roy Hammond, Azaad Gaungoo, Suchada Sanusan and Pascal Marnotte. 2013. Colonization and infestation ability of Bolboschoenus maritimus Palla in rice paddies of the Camargue, France. Weed Biology and management, 13 (2), 70-78. Article first published online: 11 JUN 2013 | DOI: 10.1111/wbm.12012
                  8. Audebert A., Gaungoo A., Roques S., Carrara A., Mouret J.C., Marnotte P. 2007. Impact de la dynamique de colonisation de Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla sur le développement du peuplement de riz en Camargue (France). In : 20ème Conférence du COLUMA, Journées internationales sur la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, 11-12 décembre 2007 Dijon, France. [Cd-Rom]. Paris : AFPP, p. 26-36.
                  Images
                  Thomas Le Bourgeois
                  Attributions
                  Contributors
                  StatusUNDER_CREATION
                  LicensesCC_BY
                  References
                    No Data
                    🐾 Taxonomy
                    📊 Temporal Distribution
                    📷 Related Observations
                    👥 Groups
                    WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areasWIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
                    Powered byBiodiversity Informatics Platform - v4.2.1
                    Technology PartnerStrand Life Sciences